GRE考試長篇閱讀錯誤干擾項如何找
在很多人看來，GRE longreading是一種在最后處理過程中可能需要放棄的問題，因為花費的時間和性價比不高，下面小編就和大家分享GRE考試長篇閱讀錯誤干擾項如何找，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧 。
GRE考試長篇閱讀錯誤干擾項如何找
GRE long reading中有幾種類型的錯誤干擾選項：
一 。部分項目
這種選擇比較隱蔽，其表現(xiàn)形式往往是內(nèi)容本身是正確的，而不是文章的主線 。考生很容易混淆正確的選擇，選擇它 。與未提及的項目不同，這類選項在文章中有所涉及，因此更具欺騙性 。考生需要先把自己提出的問題弄清楚，才能避免被部分項目分散注意力 。
2 。反義詞
有的題目比較長，加上一些否定和雙重否定，考生容易理解錯誤，而一些專門設(shè)置的反義詞，往往是等考生迷茫后才投網(wǎng)的 。這些選項的特點是與其他選項的含義相反 。乍一看很明顯，但不是正確的答案 。編輯建議大家仔細(xì)閱讀問題，弄清反義詞和否定詞的關(guān)系，然后解決問題 。
三 。放錯地方的物品
也有一些錯誤的選擇，主題和裝飾，或是不相關(guān)的內(nèi)容放在一起，看似有點關(guān)系，但其實都是錯位的選擇，很容易影響考生的判斷 。這種選擇也有很強的干擾 。也許有些選擇已經(jīng)選擇了文章的內(nèi)容，但之后得出的結(jié)論與文章無關(guān) 。gre考試介紹,gre考試培訓(xùn)它也是一個干擾項，測試每個人記住文章細(xì)節(jié)的能力 。最好的辦法是在閱讀過程中多做標(biāo)記和定位，解決問題時適當(dāng)參考，可以避免錯位和混亂 。
四 。極端項目
實際上，極值項是一個明顯的誤差干擾選項 。一些代表主觀判斷的頂級詞匯，如best/most/least、unique詞匯，如only、alone或comparative詞匯，如better、word等，經(jīng)常被使用 。這些選擇顯示了一種極端和不可否認(rèn)的態(tài)度 。這似乎是合理的，但不是 。由于這些選項的明顯跡象，當(dāng)您熟悉這些程序時很容易發(fā)現(xiàn) 。考生也會主動注意那些偏激的詞語，稍有注意就不會得逞 。
5個 。未提及
這種錯誤的選擇陷阱也很常見 。它故意給出一些似乎非常相關(guān)的新信息點，這是非常清楚的 。如果考生因為文章篇幅太長而沒有閱讀全文，他們會認(rèn)為沒有仔細(xì)閱讀 。事實上，這些所謂的信息并沒有在文章中提及，這與話題一點關(guān)系都沒有 。這種選擇也很容易被人認(rèn)出來，似乎涉及到細(xì)節(jié)，但實際上在文章中并沒有提到 。閱讀時，要學(xué)會根據(jù)文章中提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行選擇 。不要想當(dāng)然 。只要你能做到這一點，這種干擾錯誤的選擇將是無用的 。
6. 主觀項
這種錯誤選項的制定思路是根據(jù)一些常識性的推斷，引導(dǎo)考生做出的判斷，其本身帶有很強的主觀性，而并不是客觀的事實，如果考生不加注意就很容易被帶歪思路 。類似上文的未提項，gre考試介紹,gre考試培訓(xùn)這類主觀項同樣是建立在看似迎合實則錯誤引導(dǎo)考生思路的做法上的 。大家在閱讀過程中應(yīng)學(xué)會以文章內(nèi)容為主，不要想當(dāng)然地去結(jié)合自己的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行聯(lián)想 。腳踏實地才能做好這類題目 。
重視閱讀錯誤選項才能避免受到影響
之所以要特別列出閱讀中的錯誤選項，是因為這種選項對于考生閱讀部分的正確率殺傷率極高 。比起其它一目了然的數(shù)學(xué)或者填空題，GRE閱讀要解題首先就要讀文章，很多考生讀完文章，特別是長篇文章后，本身思路已經(jīng)有些混亂，再被這些干擾選項禍害一下，很容易就會出現(xiàn)連續(xù)錯誤 。而許多考生對于GRE閱讀存在的畏懼情緒和心理陰影，其實也往往是由錯誤選項導(dǎo)致的 。
GRE考試閱讀選項的規(guī)律
1. 正確選項：
(1)同義變換。即將原文中的某一句話用另一種說法表達(dá)，也就是英文中的paraphrase 。如將文章中的"many wind-pollinatedspecies fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditionsprevail.”換成選項中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is littlewind" 。
其中包括三種類型：變換同義詞，變換句型，變化同根詞的詞性 。以下分別論述，請注意表格中的斜體字 。
2.錯誤選項：
對于GRE閱讀文章中更大量的錯誤選項，也形成了一套固定的規(guī)則 。以下筆者就用實例來說明錯誤選項編制的規(guī)則：
(1)混偏反無 。
1)混: 此類選項的錯誤可以形象地概括為：“張冠李戴” 。如下例：
文章："...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantialinvestments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to performwork subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for somereason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses"
題目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have itsbids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to
(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm
(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses(本題問大公司如果沒有使投標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化為訂單將引起什么結(jié)果 。而這恰恰是小公司的特點 。)
(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government
(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors
(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts andsubcontracts
2)偏： 意即選項中所包含的邏輯范疇與原文不符 。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏” 。請看下文：
Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in thedepiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoidedthe oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had beentypical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediatepredecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel onan ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Blackcommunity. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begunby Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of therelationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how maleand female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn wasinfluenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within awider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes andpaved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the1970’s.
題目：The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors
(B) describing common themes in Black American literature
(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature
(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the earlytwentieth century
(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black Americannovels in the second half the twentieth century
分析：此文描述并評價了美國黑人文學(xué)史上一部優(yōu)秀的著作 。而其中的D，E選項中的“Black American literature”以及“thewriting of Black American novels”無疑擴(kuò)大了原文的邏輯涵蓋的范圍，即屬于“以全概偏” 。于是不予選擇 。
3)反： 即選項中的內(nèi)容與文章內(nèi)容相反 。
文章：“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark inthe depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshallavoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that hadbeen typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like herimmediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused hernovel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of ablack community......”
題目：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in thatthey
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentiethcentury
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered inWhite culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences ofwomen
分析：從文章中得知：“馬歇爾已經(jīng)擺脫了抗議小說所一貫描繪的受壓迫并且?guī)в斜瘎∩实呐魅斯蜗蟆?。但是B選項卻說道：“馬歇爾深深地受到二十世紀(jì)早期抗議小說的影響”，明顯與原文意思相反 。
再如：
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe BrownGirl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
【GRE考試長篇閱讀錯誤干擾項如何找】分析：C選項“與之前的抗議小說類似” 與原文意思相反 。而B選項的“深受二十世紀(jì)早期小說的影響”從文章無法推測出 。
4)無：即提到文章中未涉及的內(nèi)容 。由于此種選項編制容易，并且一廂情愿地認(rèn)為此種迷惑手段非常高明 。因此，此類錯誤選項在GRE閱讀的錯誤選項中數(shù)量眾多 。請各位考生緊記：凡基于文章內(nèi)容無法推測出的選項必然錯誤 。
還是上文：
題目：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in thatthey
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentiethcentury
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered inWhite culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences ofwomen
分析：從文章中得知：“馬歇爾與另外兩位的的共同點在于他們都把小說聚焦于一位普通的黑人女性對自己身份的追求，當(dāng)然故事是以一個黑人社會為背景” 。其中的A選項“未研究百人文化對角色生活所帶來的影響”文章從未涉及 。
再如：
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe BrownGirl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
分析：D選項“二十世紀(jì)50年代末期重要，但是今天過時了”文章從未涉及 。
(3) 含有強調(diào)性語言(最高級、唯一性和比較級)的選項
會隨意地在選項中加入一些極端語言來編制錯誤選項 。集中表現(xiàn)為含有最高級，唯一性以及比較級的詞匯 。換句話說，含有這三類詞匯的選項錯誤的幾率很高 。具體說：
1)最高級詞匯：best , the most important, the least useful, uttermost, foremost,uppermost, always ,never, often,usually，primarily，primary，exact(ly)，complete(ly) . entire(ly) absolute(ly)extremely, unmitigated . unrestrained . unchecked. first等
2)唯一性詞匯：only, alone, exclusively, sole(ly), unique(ly)
3)比較級詞匯：more useful than, less beneficial than, better , worse than，as..as, the same with, similar to 等等 。
還是以上兩例：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in thatthey
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentiethcentury
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered inWhite culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences ofwomen
分析：此處的D選項和E選項中的“primarily”以及“exclusively”都屬于比較極端的詞匯 。
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe BrownGirl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
分析：此處的A選項中的“completely” 也屬于比較極端的詞匯 。
(4) 違反“論據(jù)集中”原則：
即此類選項試圖使用非定位處的信息回答問題 。此類選項極具迷惑性，因為這些錯誤的選項在文章中確實被提及過，可是由于與問題回答無關(guān)因此不予選擇 。
請看下例：
“No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation ofthe ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that theupper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to smallforces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans andcontinents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth withrising convection currents under the(E) mid-ocean ridges and sinking currentsunder the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continentalplates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forcesneeded to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may becorrect: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by(B) temperaturedifferences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a(D)back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on theforces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.
On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does notnormally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines brokenby frequent offs or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficultto see how the theory applies to the plate between the (C)Mid-Atlantic Ridge andthe ridge in the Indian Ocean. ”
【題】The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in order to
(A)illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle
(B)show how temperature differences depend on the positions of thecontinents
(C)demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(D)describe the complicated motions made possible by back coupling
(E)account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges
分析：此題為一道舉例作用題 。其定位為文章中加粗和劃線的句子 。但是這四個錯誤的選項都無一例外地通過利用其它的句子編制而成，即出題機(jī)構(gòu)分別使用文章中標(biāo)號為A，B，C和D的內(nèi)容編制出四個錯誤的選項 。因此，不予選擇 。考生切忌因為文章別的地方曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過類似的內(nèi)容而猶豫不決 。
GRE閱讀如何找到重點信息
1.一句話只看一遍，充分利用自己的語法知識，時刻把握句子主干，修飾成分要毫無感覺得快速瀏覽(這里的“毫無感覺”不是略讀，而是不希望過多的修飾成分或插入成分影響對句子主干的理解，這四個字需要自己體會) 。
2.做標(biāo)記除了大寫字母、時間年代、最高級、轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志詞、因果標(biāo)志詞、列舉、讓步、強對比以外，還要標(biāo)記出并列連接詞(如and)、分號、冒號、表示作者態(tài)度的詞(這個比較難，需要自己體會收集) 。做標(biāo)記的小竅門：標(biāo)記符號不要只用一種(如下劃線)，也不要過多，個人感覺最多三種(如括號、圓圈、下劃線)，分別標(biāo)記原因、轉(zhuǎn)折和其他，不過自己只用下劃線和括號 。
3.一定要取舍 。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：
a)讓步分句(如：帶although的分句、帶it is true的分句、帶do的分句等)一律跳過(但是用括號括起來)，只看后半個分句;
b)such as后的內(nèi)容一律跳過，也用括號括起來，不過我會數(shù)數(shù)列舉的個數(shù)，如果是4個，則必出題，其他個數(shù)不用管，出題了再回頭看;
c)for example舉例只要提煉關(guān)鍵詞的首字母就可以了，也要括起來，重點看后面或前面的結(jié)論 。
d)原因——標(biāo)志詞常為BECause、since——一律跳過，括起來，只看結(jié)果 。比較容易被忽略的是result in和resultfrom，遇到這兩個，我在下面劃橫線做標(biāo)記 。
e)老觀點只把握關(guān)鍵詞、知道講的是什么就行，其他一律跳過 。
f)冒號后一律跳過，冒號下做標(biāo)記 。
g)分號后一律跳過，因為表示并列，內(nèi)容和前面大體一致，分號做標(biāo)記，出題的話再回來看 。
現(xiàn)在的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：上面這些全看，因為速度上來了，但看這些內(nèi)容時仍然是“毫無感覺”地看，可以不用擔(dān)心它們會分散注意力了 。
當(dāng)這些內(nèi)容都做標(biāo)記后，文章結(jié)構(gòu)就非常清楚了，哪兒是舉例、哪兒是結(jié)論、哪兒是原因、哪兒是轉(zhuǎn)折一目了然，定位非常容易 。
4.(本來想把這條放在第一位的)我的提高閱讀速度的不二法門：反復(fù)閱讀已經(jīng)讀過的文章，5遍左右吧!慢慢地就會產(chǎn)生一種直覺，知道哪里略讀哪里重讀 。
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