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細數托福閱讀6大熱門出題點

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細數托福閱讀6大熱門出題點
1. 主題段和主題句關鍵詞
托福閱讀文章中的主題段和主題句是每一個段落的主題，也是文章的要點，都是參與搭建文章結構的，因此記錄它們中的幾個關鍵詞對于把握全文的結構非常重要 。同時，文章中有很多的重要信息，而且閱讀文章后面的題目大都是根據主題而出，考生在解答題目的時候，可以快速根據主題句找到對應的段落 。
2. 時間線索和數字數據
一般來說，出現時間概念的文章或段落通常和時間順序有關，作者會用不同的時間點串出一條時間線索 。而個別數字的出現則意味著這個數字所闡述概念的重要性是不容忽視的 。因此，除非文章中出現了數據堆積的現象，否則考生都需要把數字記錄下來 。
3. 人名地名以及專有名詞
人名、地名以及專有名詞出現的時候，一般都會出現大寫字母或引號等標記，非常有利于信息索引和定位 。當提到這幾個具體的概念時，文章通常是在用這些概念說明某個理論或者觀點，因此記錄下這些概念對于理解相關理論和觀點可以起到一定的輔助作用 。
4. 舉例內容的主體部分
有的時候，為了說明某些理論和觀點，文章中會出現大段的舉例文字 。實際上，托福閱讀考試中考查這些例子具體內容的時候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用這些例子的原因或它們所證明的觀點 。因此，考生在快速記錄的筆記中只需要記錄下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所闡述的具體信息，可以適當忽略 。
5. 新概念和核心概念
所謂“新概念”是指當考生讀到文章某個位置時，之前沒有出現過的概念 。這種新概念的出現，說明之前出現的概念已經不能夠說明問題 。所以，新概念的出現必然也意味著一個重要信息的出現 。而“核心概念”是指在連續的幾個段落中集中闡述的主題概念，對于這種概念來說，無論是作為觀點還是舉例大家都應該注意，因為它顯然是作為重點在文章中被強調的 。
6. 重要的邏輯關系鏈
很多考生在托福閱讀文章的時候只注意到了文章所闡述的重要內容，但是忽略了信息之間的邏輯關系，因而對信息關聯理解不準確，這也是一種嚴重的錯誤 。因此，在閱讀過程中記錄下信息之間所產生的邏輯關系可以避免考生丟失信息之間的關聯信息 。記錄邏輯關系也可以幫助考生更加清晰地理清段落之間的關系 。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible forsweeping changes in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered theminor or household arts. Its focus on decorative arts helped to induce UnitedStates museums and private collectors to begin collecting furniture, glass,ceramics, metalwork, and textiles in the late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilledworkers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today isdirectly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century.The importance now placed on attractive and harmonious home decoration can alsobe traced to this period, when Victorian interior arrangements were revised toadmit greater light and more freely flowing spaces.
The Arts and Crafts Movement reacted against mechanized processes thatthreatened handcrafts and resulted in cheapened, monotonous merchandise. Foundedin the late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and WilliamMorris, the movement revered craft as a form of art. In a rapidlyindustrializing society, most Victorians agreed that art was an essential moralingredient in the home environment, and in many middle- and working-class homescraft was the only form of art, Ruskin and his followers criticized not only thedegradation of artisans reduced to machine operators, but also the impendingloss of daily contact with handcrafted objects, fashioned with pride, integrity,and attention to beauty.
In the United States as well as in Great Britain, reformers extolled thevirtues of handcrafted objects: simple, straightforward design; solid materialsof good quality; and sound, enduring construction techniques. These criteriawere interpreted in a variety of styles, ranging from rational and geometric toromantic or naturalistic. Whether abstract, stylized, or realistically treated,the consistent theme in virtually all Arts and Crafts design is nature.
The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than a particular style; it wasa philosophy of domestic life. Proponents believed that if simple design,high-quality materials, and honest construction were realized in the home andits appointments, then the occupants would enjoy moral and therapeutic effects.For both artisan and consumer, the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as amagical force against the undesirable effects of industrialization.
1. The passage primarily focuses on nineteenth-century arts and crafts interms of which of the following?
(A) Their naturalistic themes
(B) Their importance in museum collections
(C) Their British origin
(D) Their role in an industrialized society
2. According to the passage , before the nineteenth century, artisans werethought to be
(A) defenders of moral standards
(B) creators of cheap merchandise
(C) skilled workers
(D) artists
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the Arts and Crafts Movementwould have considered
all of the following to be artists EXCEPT
(A) creators of textile designs
(B) people who produce handmade glass objects
(C) operators of machines that automatically cut legs for furniture
(D) metalworkers who create unique pieces of jewelry
4. The word revered in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) respected
(B) described
(C) avoided
(D) created
5. According to paragraph 2, the handcrafted objects in the homes ofmiddle- and working-class
families usually were
(A) made by members of the family
(B) the least expensive objects in their homes
(C) regarded as being morally uplifting
(D) thought to symbolize progress
6. The word extolled in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) exposed
(B) praised
(C) believed
(D) accepted
7. The author mentions all of the following as attributes of handcraftedobjects EXCEPT
(A) the pride with which they were crafted
(B) the complexity of their design
(C) the long time that they lasted
(D) the quality of their materials
8. The word consistent in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) conservative
(B) considerable
(C) constant
(D) concrete
9. According to the passage , which of the following changes occurred atthe same time as the
Arts and Crafts Movement?
(A) The creation of brighter and more airy spaces inside homes
(B) The rejection of art that depicted nature in a realistic manner
(C) A decline of interest in art museum collections
(D) An increase in the buying of imported art objects
10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?
(A) Private collectors in the nineteenth century concentrated on acquiringpaintings.
(B) The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States, unlike the one inBritain, did not react
strongly against mechanized processes.
(C) Handcrafted objects in the United States and Britain in the nineteenthcentury did not use
geometric designs.
(D) The Arts and Crafts Movement believed in the beneficial effect forpeople from being
surrounded by beautiful objects.
【細數托福閱讀6大熱門出題點】PASSAGE 50 DCCAC BBCAD




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